Which two congregations, founded in the 13th century, are considered to be mendicant orders, supporting themselves primarily through almsgiving and operating among people in cities?
Franciscans and Dominicans
Who, at the turn of the 12th and 13th centuries, gave up his wealth, gave away his fortune, and founded an order based on joyful and absolute poverty and love for all Creatures?
Saint Francis of Assisi
What was the term for the set of strict regulations and duties defining the daily rhythm, rules of poverty, prayer, and work in a given period? Order?
Monastic Rule
In what monastery room did the monks eat their meals together in complete silence, listening only to the reading of pious books?
In the refectory
What was the term for groups of medieval Christians who publicly wounded their bodies, believing that in this physical way they were atonement for their own sins and the sins of the whole world?
Flagellants
Which room in the monastery served as a bedroom, where initially the monks slept in one long room and later in small, separate cells?
Dormitory
What was the term for the periodic abstinence from meat and boisterous celebrations, which in the Middle Ages obligated the faithful for up to one-third of the days of the year?
Fasting
Which order, striving for a very austere life based on hard work by their own hands, became famous in the Middle Ages for modernizing agriculture, establishing mills, and draining marshes?
Cistercian Order
What was the term for the voluntary denial of comforts, mortification of the body, and austere living in order to draw closer to God?
Asceticism
What was the name of the room in the monastery where the monks met daily with the abbot to discuss the most important matters of the community, judging by transgressions and read the rule?
Chapter House
Who, as Bishop of Rome, headed the Catholic Church and the entire clergy in the Middle Ages?
Pope
Who in the Middle Ages had the right to study at universities, which represented the highest level of education and were often under the patronage of the Church?
Only men (boys)
Which order, founded at the beginning of the 6th century with the famous motto "Pray and work" (Ora et labora), is considered one of the oldest in Europe?
Benedictine Order
How do we today, as in the past, call clergy or lay people who they go to distant countries and to the ends of the earth to bring faith and charitable, educational and medical help?
Missionaries
What was the name given to a hardworking monk in the Middle Ages whose main occupation was copying books by hand in a scriptorium for many months?
Scrivener
What did illuminators do, working side by side with copyists on new books?
Creating beautiful, colorful decorations, initials, and tiny images (miniatures) in the margins
What schools, directly supported by the Church, taught children from cities and villages the basics of reading, writing, prayers, and church singing?
Parish schools
What was the name of the inner monastery courtyard with a garden, surrounded by covered cloisters, intended for walks, reading, and prayer?
Cloister
